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hmgb3 knockdown cells  (MedChemExpress)


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    MedChemExpress hmgb3 knockdown cells
    Silencing HMGB3 inhibited EMT and brain metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. (A) Western blotting analysis of EMT‐related protein expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with <t>HMGB3</t> <t>knockdown</t> and in H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (B) Cell proliferation was assessed in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells using the CCK8 assay; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (C‐D) Wound‐healing assays and transwell assays demonstrate reduced migration and invasion capabilities in the HMGB3 knockdown group compared to the NC group in A549 and H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (E) Diagram of the cell cycle progression in each phase for HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells based on flow cytometry analysis. (F) Representative images of subcutaneous tumor mass on day 35 and the tumor weight. (G) Tumor growth was measured at indicated time‐points post inoculation. (H) BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain (shNC, n = 7 of 10; shHMGB3, n = 3 of 10) at 5 weeks post‐injection. (I) Survival curves of mice after left ventricular injection with H2030‐Lbrm‐shNC and H2030‐Lbrm‐shHMGB3 cells. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. BLI, bioluminescence imaging; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; Lbrm, high brain metastasis LUAD; PE, Phycoerythrin; SD, standard deviation.
    Hmgb3 Knockdown Cells, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    hmgb3 knockdown cells - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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    1) Product Images from "HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism"

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism

    Journal: Cancer Communications

    doi: 10.1002/cac2.70075

    Silencing HMGB3 inhibited EMT and brain metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. (A) Western blotting analysis of EMT‐related protein expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with HMGB3 knockdown and in H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (B) Cell proliferation was assessed in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells using the CCK8 assay; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (C‐D) Wound‐healing assays and transwell assays demonstrate reduced migration and invasion capabilities in the HMGB3 knockdown group compared to the NC group in A549 and H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (E) Diagram of the cell cycle progression in each phase for HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells based on flow cytometry analysis. (F) Representative images of subcutaneous tumor mass on day 35 and the tumor weight. (G) Tumor growth was measured at indicated time‐points post inoculation. (H) BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain (shNC, n = 7 of 10; shHMGB3, n = 3 of 10) at 5 weeks post‐injection. (I) Survival curves of mice after left ventricular injection with H2030‐Lbrm‐shNC and H2030‐Lbrm‐shHMGB3 cells. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. BLI, bioluminescence imaging; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; Lbrm, high brain metastasis LUAD; PE, Phycoerythrin; SD, standard deviation.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Silencing HMGB3 inhibited EMT and brain metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. (A) Western blotting analysis of EMT‐related protein expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with HMGB3 knockdown and in H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (B) Cell proliferation was assessed in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells using the CCK8 assay; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (C‐D) Wound‐healing assays and transwell assays demonstrate reduced migration and invasion capabilities in the HMGB3 knockdown group compared to the NC group in A549 and H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (E) Diagram of the cell cycle progression in each phase for HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells based on flow cytometry analysis. (F) Representative images of subcutaneous tumor mass on day 35 and the tumor weight. (G) Tumor growth was measured at indicated time‐points post inoculation. (H) BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain (shNC, n = 7 of 10; shHMGB3, n = 3 of 10) at 5 weeks post‐injection. (I) Survival curves of mice after left ventricular injection with H2030‐Lbrm‐shNC and H2030‐Lbrm‐shHMGB3 cells. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. BLI, bioluminescence imaging; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; Lbrm, high brain metastasis LUAD; PE, Phycoerythrin; SD, standard deviation.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, In Vivo, Western Blot, Expressing, Knockdown, Over Expression, CCK-8 Assay, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Injection, Imaging, Standard Deviation

    HMGB3 mediated the activation of the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathways. (A) GSVA heatmaps of known gene signatures in the TCGA‐LUAD cohort stratified by HMGB3 expression (top/bottom 30%). (B) Enrichment analysis (GSVA, QuSAGE and KEGG) of brain metastatic samples from the GSE131907 dataset, focusing on brain metastasis‐specific tumor cells clusters (cluster 9), brain metastatic tumor foci compared to primary LUAD, and HMGB3 + tumor cells, respectively. (C) KEGG enrichment analysis of downregulated genes in HMGB3‐knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells. Bubbles represent pathways meeting p < 0.05, sized by gene number and colored by ‐log10 ( p value). (D) Western blotting analysis of mTOR, PI3K‐p85, p‐p85 (Tyr 458), pan‐Akt, Akt (Ser473), and PTEN expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with either overexpression or knockdown of HMGB3, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; scRNA‐seq, single‐cell RNA sequencing; TCGA, the cancer Genome Atlas.
    Figure Legend Snippet: HMGB3 mediated the activation of the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathways. (A) GSVA heatmaps of known gene signatures in the TCGA‐LUAD cohort stratified by HMGB3 expression (top/bottom 30%). (B) Enrichment analysis (GSVA, QuSAGE and KEGG) of brain metastatic samples from the GSE131907 dataset, focusing on brain metastasis‐specific tumor cells clusters (cluster 9), brain metastatic tumor foci compared to primary LUAD, and HMGB3 + tumor cells, respectively. (C) KEGG enrichment analysis of downregulated genes in HMGB3‐knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells. Bubbles represent pathways meeting p < 0.05, sized by gene number and colored by ‐log10 ( p value). (D) Western blotting analysis of mTOR, PI3K‐p85, p‐p85 (Tyr 458), pan‐Akt, Akt (Ser473), and PTEN expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with either overexpression or knockdown of HMGB3, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; scRNA‐seq, single‐cell RNA sequencing; TCGA, the cancer Genome Atlas.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing, Knockdown, Western Blot, Over Expression, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing

    SF1670 rescued PTEN expression and the metastasis abilities induced by HMGB3 knockdown. HMGB3‐knockdown in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells were treated with 200 nmol/L SF1670 (a PTEN inhibitor) for 24 h and then collected to detect the protein expression of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers (A), EMT markers (B) and to perform scratch wound healing test (C‐D), Transwell migration and invasion assays (E‐F), respectively, and the bar graphs represents the corresponding quantitative data. Values are presented as mean ± SD. (Student's t‐test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SD, standard deviation.
    Figure Legend Snippet: SF1670 rescued PTEN expression and the metastasis abilities induced by HMGB3 knockdown. HMGB3‐knockdown in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells were treated with 200 nmol/L SF1670 (a PTEN inhibitor) for 24 h and then collected to detect the protein expression of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers (A), EMT markers (B) and to perform scratch wound healing test (C‐D), Transwell migration and invasion assays (E‐F), respectively, and the bar graphs represents the corresponding quantitative data. Values are presented as mean ± SD. (Student's t‐test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SD, standard deviation.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Knockdown, Migration, Standard Deviation

    HMGB3 recruits SSBP1 and interacts with it to induce its nuclear translocation, thereby remodeling mitochondrial metabolism in brain metastatic tumor cells (A) Enriched signaling pathways identified from the 112 HMGB3‐binding proteins in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (B) GSEA of RNA sequencing data in HMGB3 knockdown in H2030‐LBrm cells. (C) Interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 in H2030‐Lbrm HMGB3‐overexpression cells, confirmed by co‐IP assay using anti‐HMGB3 antibody followed by immunoblotting with SSBP1 antibodies. (D) Verification of the interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 through immunofluorescence in H2030, H2030‐Lbrm, H2030 with HMGB3 overexpression, and hypoxia. (E) Subcellular distribution of HMGB3‐SSBP1 detected in HMGB3‐overexpression and HMGB3‐knockdown cells by immunoblotting, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (F) cycA inhibits the nuclear translocation of SSBP1. Parental and H2030‐Lbrm cells treated as described were co‐stained with antibodies for SSBP1 (green), TOM20 (red), and DAPI (blue), with fluorescence images merged. (G) GO enrichment analysis of the down‐regulated genes in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (H) ROS levels in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells were detected by flow cytometry. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (J) SDH activity was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (K) MMP was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells by flow cytometry. co‐IP, co‐immunoprecipitation; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DAPI, 4’,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; GO, Gene Ontology; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; MMP, mitochondrial transmembrane potential; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.
    Figure Legend Snippet: HMGB3 recruits SSBP1 and interacts with it to induce its nuclear translocation, thereby remodeling mitochondrial metabolism in brain metastatic tumor cells (A) Enriched signaling pathways identified from the 112 HMGB3‐binding proteins in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (B) GSEA of RNA sequencing data in HMGB3 knockdown in H2030‐LBrm cells. (C) Interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 in H2030‐Lbrm HMGB3‐overexpression cells, confirmed by co‐IP assay using anti‐HMGB3 antibody followed by immunoblotting with SSBP1 antibodies. (D) Verification of the interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 through immunofluorescence in H2030, H2030‐Lbrm, H2030 with HMGB3 overexpression, and hypoxia. (E) Subcellular distribution of HMGB3‐SSBP1 detected in HMGB3‐overexpression and HMGB3‐knockdown cells by immunoblotting, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (F) cycA inhibits the nuclear translocation of SSBP1. Parental and H2030‐Lbrm cells treated as described were co‐stained with antibodies for SSBP1 (green), TOM20 (red), and DAPI (blue), with fluorescence images merged. (G) GO enrichment analysis of the down‐regulated genes in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (H) ROS levels in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells were detected by flow cytometry. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (J) SDH activity was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (K) MMP was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells by flow cytometry. co‐IP, co‐immunoprecipitation; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DAPI, 4’,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; GO, Gene Ontology; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; MMP, mitochondrial transmembrane potential; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.

    Techniques Used: Translocation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Binding Assay, RNA Sequencing, Knockdown, Over Expression, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Activity Assay, Immunoprecipitation

    The interaction of HMGB3 with SSBP1 led to mitochondrial dysfunction in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (A) ROS levels in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h were detected by flow cytometry. (B) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after treatment with 5 mmol/L NAC for 2 h in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐ Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (C) Western blotting analysis revealed PTEN protein expression following a 2 h exposure to varying concentrations of cycA, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (D) Western blotting analysis demonstrated PTEN expression at different time points after treatment with 1 mmol/L H 2 O 2 . (E) Flow cytometry‐based diagram illustrated the cell cycle distribution in each phase. H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (F) Cell proliferation of HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells was assessed by the CCK8 assay with 8 µmol/L cycA treatment at all time points; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (G) Flow cytometry was performed using JC‐1 to determine the MMP of cells were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (H) SDH activity was detected in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with or without with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (J) Western blotting analysis of DRP1 detected in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins of H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA or NAC, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (K) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with 0.01 mmol/L SC79 for 30 min in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (L‐M) Scratch wound healing test and transwell assays were performed after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with SC79 in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel (N) Representative BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain ( n = 7/3/4/5, respectively) at 6 weeks post‐injection. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Akt, protein kinase B; BLI, bioluminescence imaging; CCK8, Cell counting kit‐8; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DRP1, dynamin‐related protein 1; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; JC‐1, 5,5′,6,6′‐Tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethyl‐imidacarbocyanine iodide; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAC, N‐acetylcysteine; PE, Phycoerythrin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SD, standard deviation; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The interaction of HMGB3 with SSBP1 led to mitochondrial dysfunction in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (A) ROS levels in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h were detected by flow cytometry. (B) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after treatment with 5 mmol/L NAC for 2 h in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐ Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (C) Western blotting analysis revealed PTEN protein expression following a 2 h exposure to varying concentrations of cycA, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (D) Western blotting analysis demonstrated PTEN expression at different time points after treatment with 1 mmol/L H 2 O 2 . (E) Flow cytometry‐based diagram illustrated the cell cycle distribution in each phase. H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (F) Cell proliferation of HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells was assessed by the CCK8 assay with 8 µmol/L cycA treatment at all time points; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (G) Flow cytometry was performed using JC‐1 to determine the MMP of cells were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (H) SDH activity was detected in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with or without with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (J) Western blotting analysis of DRP1 detected in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins of H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA or NAC, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (K) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with 0.01 mmol/L SC79 for 30 min in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (L‐M) Scratch wound healing test and transwell assays were performed after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with SC79 in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel (N) Representative BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain ( n = 7/3/4/5, respectively) at 6 weeks post‐injection. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Akt, protein kinase B; BLI, bioluminescence imaging; CCK8, Cell counting kit‐8; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DRP1, dynamin‐related protein 1; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; JC‐1, 5,5′,6,6′‐Tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethyl‐imidacarbocyanine iodide; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAC, N‐acetylcysteine; PE, Phycoerythrin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SD, standard deviation; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.

    Techniques Used: Over Expression, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Activity Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Knockdown, Injection, Imaging, Cell Counting, Membrane, Standard Deviation, Binding Assay

    Related Articles

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    In Vivo:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Expressing:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Knockdown:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Over Expression:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    CCK-8 Assay:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Migration:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Flow Cytometry:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Injection:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Imaging:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Standard Deviation:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Activation Assay:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Protein-Protein interactions:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Single Cell:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    RNA Sequencing:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Translocation Assay:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Binding Assay:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Staining:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Immunoprecipitation:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Transfection:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Cell Counting:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.

    Membrane:

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism
    Article Snippet: Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).Cells were mixed with 100 μL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; G4202, Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) and an equal volume of Matrigel (354234, Corning), then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice (1 × 10 6 cells per mouse).. HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.. The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.The tumor size was measured every 2 days using calipers.



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    Silencing HMGB3 inhibited EMT and brain metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. (A) Western blotting analysis of EMT‐related protein expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with <t>HMGB3</t> <t>knockdown</t> and in H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (B) Cell proliferation was assessed in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells using the CCK8 assay; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (C‐D) Wound‐healing assays and transwell assays demonstrate reduced migration and invasion capabilities in the HMGB3 knockdown group compared to the NC group in A549 and H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (E) Diagram of the cell cycle progression in each phase for HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells based on flow cytometry analysis. (F) Representative images of subcutaneous tumor mass on day 35 and the tumor weight. (G) Tumor growth was measured at indicated time‐points post inoculation. (H) BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain (shNC, n = 7 of 10; shHMGB3, n = 3 of 10) at 5 weeks post‐injection. (I) Survival curves of mice after left ventricular injection with H2030‐Lbrm‐shNC and H2030‐Lbrm‐shHMGB3 cells. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. BLI, bioluminescence imaging; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; Lbrm, high brain metastasis LUAD; PE, Phycoerythrin; SD, standard deviation.
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    Image Search Results


    Silencing HMGB3 inhibited EMT and brain metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. (A) Western blotting analysis of EMT‐related protein expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with HMGB3 knockdown and in H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (B) Cell proliferation was assessed in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells using the CCK8 assay; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (C‐D) Wound‐healing assays and transwell assays demonstrate reduced migration and invasion capabilities in the HMGB3 knockdown group compared to the NC group in A549 and H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (E) Diagram of the cell cycle progression in each phase for HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells based on flow cytometry analysis. (F) Representative images of subcutaneous tumor mass on day 35 and the tumor weight. (G) Tumor growth was measured at indicated time‐points post inoculation. (H) BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain (shNC, n = 7 of 10; shHMGB3, n = 3 of 10) at 5 weeks post‐injection. (I) Survival curves of mice after left ventricular injection with H2030‐Lbrm‐shNC and H2030‐Lbrm‐shHMGB3 cells. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. BLI, bioluminescence imaging; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; Lbrm, high brain metastasis LUAD; PE, Phycoerythrin; SD, standard deviation.

    Journal: Cancer Communications

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism

    doi: 10.1002/cac2.70075

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Silencing HMGB3 inhibited EMT and brain metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. (A) Western blotting analysis of EMT‐related protein expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with HMGB3 knockdown and in H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (B) Cell proliferation was assessed in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells using the CCK8 assay; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (C‐D) Wound‐healing assays and transwell assays demonstrate reduced migration and invasion capabilities in the HMGB3 knockdown group compared to the NC group in A549 and H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. (E) Diagram of the cell cycle progression in each phase for HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells based on flow cytometry analysis. (F) Representative images of subcutaneous tumor mass on day 35 and the tumor weight. (G) Tumor growth was measured at indicated time‐points post inoculation. (H) BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain (shNC, n = 7 of 10; shHMGB3, n = 3 of 10) at 5 weeks post‐injection. (I) Survival curves of mice after left ventricular injection with H2030‐Lbrm‐shNC and H2030‐Lbrm‐shHMGB3 cells. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. BLI, bioluminescence imaging; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; Lbrm, high brain metastasis LUAD; PE, Phycoerythrin; SD, standard deviation.

    Article Snippet: HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.

    Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Western Blot, Expressing, Knockdown, Over Expression, CCK-8 Assay, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Injection, Imaging, Standard Deviation

    HMGB3 mediated the activation of the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathways. (A) GSVA heatmaps of known gene signatures in the TCGA‐LUAD cohort stratified by HMGB3 expression (top/bottom 30%). (B) Enrichment analysis (GSVA, QuSAGE and KEGG) of brain metastatic samples from the GSE131907 dataset, focusing on brain metastasis‐specific tumor cells clusters (cluster 9), brain metastatic tumor foci compared to primary LUAD, and HMGB3 + tumor cells, respectively. (C) KEGG enrichment analysis of downregulated genes in HMGB3‐knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells. Bubbles represent pathways meeting p < 0.05, sized by gene number and colored by ‐log10 ( p value). (D) Western blotting analysis of mTOR, PI3K‐p85, p‐p85 (Tyr 458), pan‐Akt, Akt (Ser473), and PTEN expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with either overexpression or knockdown of HMGB3, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; scRNA‐seq, single‐cell RNA sequencing; TCGA, the cancer Genome Atlas.

    Journal: Cancer Communications

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism

    doi: 10.1002/cac2.70075

    Figure Lengend Snippet: HMGB3 mediated the activation of the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathways. (A) GSVA heatmaps of known gene signatures in the TCGA‐LUAD cohort stratified by HMGB3 expression (top/bottom 30%). (B) Enrichment analysis (GSVA, QuSAGE and KEGG) of brain metastatic samples from the GSE131907 dataset, focusing on brain metastasis‐specific tumor cells clusters (cluster 9), brain metastatic tumor foci compared to primary LUAD, and HMGB3 + tumor cells, respectively. (C) KEGG enrichment analysis of downregulated genes in HMGB3‐knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells. Bubbles represent pathways meeting p < 0.05, sized by gene number and colored by ‐log10 ( p value). (D) Western blotting analysis of mTOR, PI3K‐p85, p‐p85 (Tyr 458), pan‐Akt, Akt (Ser473), and PTEN expression in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells with either overexpression or knockdown of HMGB3, and the bar graph illustrates the relative quantitative results. Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; scRNA‐seq, single‐cell RNA sequencing; TCGA, the cancer Genome Atlas.

    Article Snippet: HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing, Knockdown, Western Blot, Over Expression, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing

    SF1670 rescued PTEN expression and the metastasis abilities induced by HMGB3 knockdown. HMGB3‐knockdown in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells were treated with 200 nmol/L SF1670 (a PTEN inhibitor) for 24 h and then collected to detect the protein expression of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers (A), EMT markers (B) and to perform scratch wound healing test (C‐D), Transwell migration and invasion assays (E‐F), respectively, and the bar graphs represents the corresponding quantitative data. Values are presented as mean ± SD. (Student's t‐test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SD, standard deviation.

    Journal: Cancer Communications

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism

    doi: 10.1002/cac2.70075

    Figure Lengend Snippet: SF1670 rescued PTEN expression and the metastasis abilities induced by HMGB3 knockdown. HMGB3‐knockdown in H2030‐Lbrm and A549 cells were treated with 200 nmol/L SF1670 (a PTEN inhibitor) for 24 h and then collected to detect the protein expression of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers (A), EMT markers (B) and to perform scratch wound healing test (C‐D), Transwell migration and invasion assays (E‐F), respectively, and the bar graphs represents the corresponding quantitative data. Values are presented as mean ± SD. (Student's t‐test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Akt, protein kinase B; GSVA, gene set variation analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SD, standard deviation.

    Article Snippet: HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.

    Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Migration, Standard Deviation

    HMGB3 recruits SSBP1 and interacts with it to induce its nuclear translocation, thereby remodeling mitochondrial metabolism in brain metastatic tumor cells (A) Enriched signaling pathways identified from the 112 HMGB3‐binding proteins in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (B) GSEA of RNA sequencing data in HMGB3 knockdown in H2030‐LBrm cells. (C) Interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 in H2030‐Lbrm HMGB3‐overexpression cells, confirmed by co‐IP assay using anti‐HMGB3 antibody followed by immunoblotting with SSBP1 antibodies. (D) Verification of the interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 through immunofluorescence in H2030, H2030‐Lbrm, H2030 with HMGB3 overexpression, and hypoxia. (E) Subcellular distribution of HMGB3‐SSBP1 detected in HMGB3‐overexpression and HMGB3‐knockdown cells by immunoblotting, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (F) cycA inhibits the nuclear translocation of SSBP1. Parental and H2030‐Lbrm cells treated as described were co‐stained with antibodies for SSBP1 (green), TOM20 (red), and DAPI (blue), with fluorescence images merged. (G) GO enrichment analysis of the down‐regulated genes in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (H) ROS levels in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells were detected by flow cytometry. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (J) SDH activity was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (K) MMP was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells by flow cytometry. co‐IP, co‐immunoprecipitation; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DAPI, 4’,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; GO, Gene Ontology; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; MMP, mitochondrial transmembrane potential; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.

    Journal: Cancer Communications

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism

    doi: 10.1002/cac2.70075

    Figure Lengend Snippet: HMGB3 recruits SSBP1 and interacts with it to induce its nuclear translocation, thereby remodeling mitochondrial metabolism in brain metastatic tumor cells (A) Enriched signaling pathways identified from the 112 HMGB3‐binding proteins in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (B) GSEA of RNA sequencing data in HMGB3 knockdown in H2030‐LBrm cells. (C) Interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 in H2030‐Lbrm HMGB3‐overexpression cells, confirmed by co‐IP assay using anti‐HMGB3 antibody followed by immunoblotting with SSBP1 antibodies. (D) Verification of the interaction between HMGB3 and SSBP1 through immunofluorescence in H2030, H2030‐Lbrm, H2030 with HMGB3 overexpression, and hypoxia. (E) Subcellular distribution of HMGB3‐SSBP1 detected in HMGB3‐overexpression and HMGB3‐knockdown cells by immunoblotting, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (F) cycA inhibits the nuclear translocation of SSBP1. Parental and H2030‐Lbrm cells treated as described were co‐stained with antibodies for SSBP1 (green), TOM20 (red), and DAPI (blue), with fluorescence images merged. (G) GO enrichment analysis of the down‐regulated genes in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (H) ROS levels in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells were detected by flow cytometry. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (J) SDH activity was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells. (K) MMP was detected in H2030 and H2030‐Lbrm cells by flow cytometry. co‐IP, co‐immunoprecipitation; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DAPI, 4’,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; GO, Gene Ontology; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; MMP, mitochondrial transmembrane potential; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.

    Article Snippet: HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.

    Techniques: Translocation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Binding Assay, RNA Sequencing, Knockdown, Over Expression, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Activity Assay, Immunoprecipitation

    The interaction of HMGB3 with SSBP1 led to mitochondrial dysfunction in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (A) ROS levels in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h were detected by flow cytometry. (B) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after treatment with 5 mmol/L NAC for 2 h in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐ Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (C) Western blotting analysis revealed PTEN protein expression following a 2 h exposure to varying concentrations of cycA, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (D) Western blotting analysis demonstrated PTEN expression at different time points after treatment with 1 mmol/L H 2 O 2 . (E) Flow cytometry‐based diagram illustrated the cell cycle distribution in each phase. H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (F) Cell proliferation of HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells was assessed by the CCK8 assay with 8 µmol/L cycA treatment at all time points; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (G) Flow cytometry was performed using JC‐1 to determine the MMP of cells were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (H) SDH activity was detected in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with or without with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (J) Western blotting analysis of DRP1 detected in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins of H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA or NAC, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (K) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with 0.01 mmol/L SC79 for 30 min in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (L‐M) Scratch wound healing test and transwell assays were performed after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with SC79 in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel (N) Representative BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain ( n = 7/3/4/5, respectively) at 6 weeks post‐injection. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Akt, protein kinase B; BLI, bioluminescence imaging; CCK8, Cell counting kit‐8; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DRP1, dynamin‐related protein 1; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; JC‐1, 5,5′,6,6′‐Tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethyl‐imidacarbocyanine iodide; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAC, N‐acetylcysteine; PE, Phycoerythrin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SD, standard deviation; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.

    Journal: Cancer Communications

    Article Title: HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism

    doi: 10.1002/cac2.70075

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The interaction of HMGB3 with SSBP1 led to mitochondrial dysfunction in H2030‐Lbrm cells. (A) ROS levels in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h were detected by flow cytometry. (B) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after treatment with 5 mmol/L NAC for 2 h in HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐ Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (C) Western blotting analysis revealed PTEN protein expression following a 2 h exposure to varying concentrations of cycA, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (D) Western blotting analysis demonstrated PTEN expression at different time points after treatment with 1 mmol/L H 2 O 2 . (E) Flow cytometry‐based diagram illustrated the cell cycle distribution in each phase. H2030‐Lbrm cells with HMGB3 overexpression were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (F) Cell proliferation of HMGB3 overexpression H2030‐Lbrm cells was assessed by the CCK8 assay with 8 µmol/L cycA treatment at all time points; n = 5. Data are normalized to Day 1 (24 h after seeding on Day 0). (G) Flow cytometry was performed using JC‐1 to determine the MMP of cells were treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (H) SDH activity was detected in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (I) Detection of the OCR in H2030‐Lbrm‐vector and H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with or without with 8 µmol/L cycA for 2 h. (J) Western blotting analysis of DRP1 detected in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins of H2030‐Lbrm‐HMGB3‐oe cells treated with 8 µmol/L cycA or NAC, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (K) Western blotting analysis of PI3K‐Akt pathway‐related protein markers after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with 0.01 mmol/L SC79 for 30 min in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel. (L‐M) Scratch wound healing test and transwell assays were performed after transfected with 10 µg SSBP1 plasmid or treated with SC79 in HMGB3 knockdown H2030‐Lbrm cells, and the bar graph in the right panel quantitatively represents the corresponding data presented in the left panel (N) Representative BLI images and the luminous intensity of mice with successful tumor formation in the brain ( n = 7/3/4/5, respectively) at 6 weeks post‐injection. Each column represents the mean of 3 independent experiments. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Akt, protein kinase B; BLI, bioluminescence imaging; CCK8, Cell counting kit‐8; cycA, Cyclosporine A; DRP1, dynamin‐related protein 1; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; HMGB3, high mobility group protein box 3; JC‐1, 5,5′,6,6′‐Tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethyl‐imidacarbocyanine iodide; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAC, N‐acetylcysteine; PE, Phycoerythrin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SD, standard deviation; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; SSBP1, single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein 1.

    Article Snippet: HMGB3‐knockdown cells were treated with SC79 (HY‐18749, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), an Akt protein kinase activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 3 times per week.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Activity Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Knockdown, Injection, Imaging, Cell Counting, Membrane, Standard Deviation, Binding Assay

    HMGB3 knockdown in A549 cells by shRNA transfection. (A) Western blotting result demonstrating that transfection with shHMGB3-1 or shHMGB3-2 significantly decreased the protein expression level of HMGB3 in A549 cells. (B) Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction result showing that transfection with shHMGB3-1 or shHMGB3-2 significantly decreased HMGB3 mRNA expression level in A549 cells. The mRNA expression level in each transfection group was normalized to that in NT cells. (C) Fluorescent intensity analysis of the western blotting result. The fluorescent intensity of the HMGB3 band in each shHMGB3 transfection group was normalized to that in control cells transfected with non-targeting shRNA (shNC). Data in panel (B) and (C) represents three independent repeats. *P<0.05; ****P<0.0001. shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; NT, non-transfected control; shHMGB3, shRNA targeting HMGB3.

    Journal: Oncology Letters

    Article Title: Knockdown of high mobility group box 3 impairs cell viability and colony formation but increases apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells

    doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.9927

    Figure Lengend Snippet: HMGB3 knockdown in A549 cells by shRNA transfection. (A) Western blotting result demonstrating that transfection with shHMGB3-1 or shHMGB3-2 significantly decreased the protein expression level of HMGB3 in A549 cells. (B) Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction result showing that transfection with shHMGB3-1 or shHMGB3-2 significantly decreased HMGB3 mRNA expression level in A549 cells. The mRNA expression level in each transfection group was normalized to that in NT cells. (C) Fluorescent intensity analysis of the western blotting result. The fluorescent intensity of the HMGB3 band in each shHMGB3 transfection group was normalized to that in control cells transfected with non-targeting shRNA (shNC). Data in panel (B) and (C) represents three independent repeats. *P<0.05; ****P<0.0001. shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; NT, non-transfected control; shHMGB3, shRNA targeting HMGB3.

    Article Snippet: Cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation assay The viability (at 1, 12 and 24 h) of NSCLC cells with or without HMGB3 knockdown was compared using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer's protocol.

    Techniques: Knockdown, shRNA, Transfection, Western Blot, Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

    Increasing apoptosis in A549 or H1299 NSCLC cells following HMGB3 knockdown. (A) Representative flow cytometry data showing an increased population of apoptotic cells in A549 or H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. Annexin-V positively stained cells were considered apoptotic cells. (B) Percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in A549 OR H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. (C) Western blotting detecting the expression level of apoptosis-associated proteins in A549 or H1299 cells with different treatment. (D) Bax over Bcl-2 ratio was increased by HMGB3 knockdown in A549 or H1299 cells. (E and F), increased (E) caspase-9 activation and (F) unchanged caspase-8 activation in A549 or H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. Western blotting data analysis was performed by comparing the gray scale of protein bands revealed by western blotting following normalization to β-actin. Data in panel (B) and (D-F) each represents at least 3 independent repeats. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001. shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; NT, non-transfected control; shHMGB3, shRNA targeting HMGB3; shNC, negative control shRNA.

    Journal: Oncology Letters

    Article Title: Knockdown of high mobility group box 3 impairs cell viability and colony formation but increases apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells

    doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.9927

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Increasing apoptosis in A549 or H1299 NSCLC cells following HMGB3 knockdown. (A) Representative flow cytometry data showing an increased population of apoptotic cells in A549 or H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. Annexin-V positively stained cells were considered apoptotic cells. (B) Percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in A549 OR H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. (C) Western blotting detecting the expression level of apoptosis-associated proteins in A549 or H1299 cells with different treatment. (D) Bax over Bcl-2 ratio was increased by HMGB3 knockdown in A549 or H1299 cells. (E and F), increased (E) caspase-9 activation and (F) unchanged caspase-8 activation in A549 or H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. Western blotting data analysis was performed by comparing the gray scale of protein bands revealed by western blotting following normalization to β-actin. Data in panel (B) and (D-F) each represents at least 3 independent repeats. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001. shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; NT, non-transfected control; shHMGB3, shRNA targeting HMGB3; shNC, negative control shRNA.

    Article Snippet: Cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation assay The viability (at 1, 12 and 24 h) of NSCLC cells with or without HMGB3 knockdown was compared using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer's protocol.

    Techniques: Knockdown, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Activation Assay, shRNA, Transfection, Control, Negative Control

    Colony forming ability and cell viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells were decreased following HMGB3 knockdown. (A) Typical result of colony forming assay showing a decreased colony forming ability of A549 or H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. (B) The CFE of A549 cells was decreased following HMGB3 knockdown. (C) Cell viability of A549 or H1299 was decreased following HMGB3 knockdown. Data in (B and C) are from three independent repeats. Statistical significance test was performed on data obtained on the last time point. ****P<0.0001. shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; NT, non-transfected control; shHMGB3, shRNA targeting HMGB3; shNC, negative control shRNA; OD, optical density; CFE, colony formation efficiency.

    Journal: Oncology Letters

    Article Title: Knockdown of high mobility group box 3 impairs cell viability and colony formation but increases apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells

    doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.9927

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Colony forming ability and cell viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells were decreased following HMGB3 knockdown. (A) Typical result of colony forming assay showing a decreased colony forming ability of A549 or H1299 cells following HMGB3 knockdown. (B) The CFE of A549 cells was decreased following HMGB3 knockdown. (C) Cell viability of A549 or H1299 was decreased following HMGB3 knockdown. Data in (B and C) are from three independent repeats. Statistical significance test was performed on data obtained on the last time point. ****P<0.0001. shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; NT, non-transfected control; shHMGB3, shRNA targeting HMGB3; shNC, negative control shRNA; OD, optical density; CFE, colony formation efficiency.

    Article Snippet: Cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation assay The viability (at 1, 12 and 24 h) of NSCLC cells with or without HMGB3 knockdown was compared using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer's protocol.

    Techniques: Knockdown, shRNA, Transfection, Control, Negative Control

    Investigation on proteins potentially interacting with HMGB3. (A) Proteins that may interact with HMGB3 were obtained using STRING online database with the confidence score set at 0.4; each node represent a protein, and each edge between two nodes represents the protein-protein interaction. The width of each edge represents the confidence score of that protein-protein interaction. (B) GO annotation of predicted HMGB3 interacting proteins; number of genes enriched to each GO term was plotted to the upper x-axis in box-plot fashion, and the -log2 (p) of each annotated term was plotted to the lower x-axis in dotted-linear graph fashion. HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; GO, Gene Ontology.

    Journal: Oncology Letters

    Article Title: Knockdown of high mobility group box 3 impairs cell viability and colony formation but increases apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells

    doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.9927

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Investigation on proteins potentially interacting with HMGB3. (A) Proteins that may interact with HMGB3 were obtained using STRING online database with the confidence score set at 0.4; each node represent a protein, and each edge between two nodes represents the protein-protein interaction. The width of each edge represents the confidence score of that protein-protein interaction. (B) GO annotation of predicted HMGB3 interacting proteins; number of genes enriched to each GO term was plotted to the upper x-axis in box-plot fashion, and the -log2 (p) of each annotated term was plotted to the lower x-axis in dotted-linear graph fashion. HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; GO, Gene Ontology.

    Article Snippet: Cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation assay The viability (at 1, 12 and 24 h) of NSCLC cells with or without HMGB3 knockdown was compared using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer's protocol.

    Techniques:

    Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of predicted  HMGB3  interacting proteins.

    Journal: Oncology Letters

    Article Title: Knockdown of high mobility group box 3 impairs cell viability and colony formation but increases apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells

    doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.9927

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of predicted HMGB3 interacting proteins.

    Article Snippet: Cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation assay The viability (at 1, 12 and 24 h) of NSCLC cells with or without HMGB3 knockdown was compared using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer's protocol.

    Techniques: Membrane, Binding Assay, RNA Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Virus